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                <h2 id="var、let以及const的区别"><a href="#var、let以及const的区别" class="headerlink" title="var、let以及const的区别"></a>var、let以及const的区别</h2><blockquote>
<p>什么是提升?什么是暂时性死区?var、let以及const的区别?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>什么是提升</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(a) <span class="comment">// undefined </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = <span class="number">1</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>从上述代码可以发现,虽然变量没有被声明,但却可以使用这个未被声明的变量,这种情况叫做提升,并且提升的是声明</p>
<p>可以将代码这样来看</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(a) <span class="comment">// undefined</span></span><br><span class="line">a = <span class="number">1</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>不仅var声明的变量会提升,函数声明也会被提升</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(a) <span class="comment">// f a() &#123;&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">a</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = <span class="number">1</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>变量提升&amp;函数提升总结</p>
<ul>
<li>找到var后将var后面的变量提前声明,<strong>但不赋值</strong></li>
<li>找到function后定义对应的函数,<strong>函数在预解析的时候已经定义完毕</strong></li>
<li>注意: <strong>函数提升的优先级要高于变量提升</strong>,如果函数已经存在就会忽略跳过</li>
</ul>
<p>let和const</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> b = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> c = <span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="built_in">window</span>.b) <span class="comment">// undefined</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="built_in">window</span>.c) <span class="comment">// undefined</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">test</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(a)</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">let</span> a</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">test()</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>首先在全局作用域下使用<code>let</code>和<code>const</code>声明变量,变量不会挂在到<code>window</code>上</p>
<p>其次当我们在声明<code>a</code>之前如果使用了<code>a</code>,就会出现报错的情况<br><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://imgchr.com/i/y6Tqk6"><img src="https://s3.ax1x.com/2021/02/15/y6Tqk6.png" alt="y6Tqk6.png"></a></p>
<p>报错的原因是因为存在暂时性死区,不能在<code>let</code>和<code>const</code>声明前就使用变量,这也是<code>let</code>和<code>const</code>优于<code>var</code>的一点</p>
<p>let&amp;const</p>
<ol>
<li>let使用及特点<ul>
<li>块级作用域声明</li>
<li>let变量不允许重复定义</li>
<li>变量提升:<ol>
<li>全局变量提升: 会创建一个变量对象(<code>script</code>)来收集全局作用域下的let定义的变量,但没有赋值</li>
<li>局部变量提升: 会将var、let定义的变量全部放在当前函数的变量对象中</li>
<li>和var变量提升的区别: let提升的变量在未赋值前不允许被使用</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>const使用及特点<ul>
<li>块级作用域声明常量</li>
<li>const定义的常量必须赋值,且不能再被更改</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<p>总结:</p>
<ul>
<li>函数提升优先于变量提升,函数提升会把整个函数挪到作用域顶部,变量提升只会把声明挪到作用于顶部</li>
<li><code>var</code>存在提升,我们能在声明之前使用。<code>let</code>、<code>const</code>因为暂时性死区的原因,不能在声明前使用</li>
<li><code>var</code>在全局作用域下声明变量会挂载到window上,其他两个不会</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="原型继承"><a href="#原型继承" class="headerlink" title="原型继承"></a>原型继承</h2><blockquote>
<p>原型如何实现继承?</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="组合继承"><a href="#组合继承" class="headerlink" title="组合继承"></a>组合继承</h3><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">Person</span>(<span class="params">name, age</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">this</span>.name = name</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">this</span>.age = age</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">Person.prototype.getAll = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="built_in">this</span>.name, <span class="built_in">this</span>.age)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">Child</span>(<span class="params">name, age</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 父类的方法在子类中执行,如果直接调用,会导致window对象上添加了不必要的属性</span></span><br><span class="line">  Person.call(<span class="built_in">this</span>, name, age)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 让子类的原型成为父类的实例,这样子类的实例就可以访问到父类原型上的方法了</span></span><br><span class="line">Child.prototype = <span class="keyword">new</span> Person()</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> child = <span class="keyword">new</span> Child(<span class="string">&#x27;wbw&#x27;</span>, <span class="number">23</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">child.getAll() <span class="comment">// &#x27;wbw&#x27;, 23</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(child <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> Person) <span class="comment">// true</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>该继承的方式核心是在子类的构造函数中通过<code>Person.call(this)</code>继承父类的属性,通过<code>Child.prototype = new Person()</code>改变Child的原型为父类的实例来继承父类的方法。</p>
<p>这种继承方式<code>优点</code>在于构造函数可以传参,不会与父类引用属性共享,可以复用父类的函数,<code>缺点</code>是继承父类函数的时候调用了父类构造函数,导致子类的原型上多了不需要的属性,存在内存上的浪费</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://imgchr.com/i/ygEOYV"><img src="https://s3.ax1x.com/2021/02/16/ygEOYV.png" alt="ygEOYV.png"></a></p>
<h3 id="寄生组合继承"><a href="#寄生组合继承" class="headerlink" title="寄生组合继承"></a>寄生组合继承</h3><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">init</span>(<span class="params">Child, Person</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 创建一个新的对象</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">let</span> prototype = <span class="built_in">Object</span>.create(Person.prototype);</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 重写对象会导致constructor丢失问题</span></span><br><span class="line">  prototype.constructor = Child;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 将父类的原型副本赋值给子类的原型</span></span><br><span class="line">  Child.prototype = prototype;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">Person</span>(<span class="params">name</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">this</span>.name = name;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">this</span>.colors = [<span class="string">&#x27;red&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;blue&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;green&#x27;</span>];</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">Person.prototype.sayName = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="built_in">this</span>.name);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title">Child</span>(<span class="params">name, age</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  Person.call(<span class="built_in">this</span>, name);</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">this</span>.age = age;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 调用函数</span></span><br><span class="line">init(Child, Person);</span><br><span class="line">Child.prototype.sayAge = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="built_in">this</span>.age);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> child = <span class="keyword">new</span> Child(<span class="string">&#x27;wbw&#x27;</span>, <span class="number">23</span>);</span><br><span class="line">child.sayName(); <span class="comment">// wbw</span></span><br><span class="line">child.sayAge(); <span class="comment">// 23</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(child <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> Person); <span class="comment">// true</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>该继承实现的核心是<code>将父类的原型赋值给了子类</code>,并将<code>构造函数设置为子类</code>,这样解决了无用的父类属性问题,还能正确找到子类的构造函数</p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://imgchr.com/i/ygEvSU"><img src="https://s3.ax1x.com/2021/02/16/ygEvSU.png" alt="ygEvSU.png"></a></p>
<h2 id="模块化"><a href="#模块化" class="headerlink" title="模块化"></a>模块化</h2><blockquote>
<p>为什么要使用模块化?都有哪几种方式可以实现模块化?各有什么特点?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>模块化带来的好处:</p>
<ul>
<li>解决命名冲突</li>
<li>提供复用性</li>
<li>提高代码可维护性</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="立即执行函数"><a href="#立即执行函数" class="headerlink" title="立即执行函数"></a>立即执行函数</h3><p>通过函数作用域解决命名冲突、污染全局作用域的问题</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">variable</span>) </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  variable.test = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) </span>&#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 声明各种变量、函数都不会污染全局作用域</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;)(variable)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="CommonJS"><a href="#CommonJS" class="headerlink" title="CommonJS"></a>CommonJS</h3><h2 id="Proxy"><a href="#Proxy" class="headerlink" title="Proxy"></a>Proxy</h2><p>代理使用<code>Proxy</code>构造函数创建。这个构造函数接收两个参数: <strong>目标对象和处理程序对象</strong>。缺少任何一个参数都会抛出TypeError。要创建空代理,可以传一个简单的对象字面量作为处理程序对象,让所有操作畅通无阻的抵达目标对象。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> target = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  id: <span class="string">&quot;target&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> handler = &#123;&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> proxy = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Proxy</span>(target, handler);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 1. id属性会访问同一个值</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(target.id); <span class="comment">// target</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(proxy.id); <span class="comment">// proxy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 2. 给目标赋值会反映到两个对象上,因为两个对象访问的都是同一个值</span></span><br><span class="line">target.id = <span class="string">&quot;foo&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(target.id); <span class="comment">// foo</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(proxy.id); <span class="comment">// foo</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 3. 给代理对象赋值会反映到两个对象上,因为这个赋值会转移到目标对象</span></span><br><span class="line">proxy.id = <span class="string">&quot;bar&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(target.id); <span class="comment">// bar</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(target.id); <span class="comment">// bar</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 4. Proxy.prototype为undefined,所以不能通过instanceof判断,会报错</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(target <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="built_in">Proxy</span>); <span class="comment">// TypeError: Function has non-object prototype &#x27;undefined&#x27; in instanceof check</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(proxy <span class="keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="built_in">Proxy</span>); <span class="comment">//TypeError: Function has non-object prototype &#x27;undefined&#x27; in instanceof check</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 5. 严格模式可以区分代理和目标对象</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(target === proxy); <span class="comment">// false</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="定义捕获器"><a href="#定义捕获器" class="headerlink" title="定义捕获器"></a>定义捕获器</h3><p>使用代理的主要目的是可以定义<code>捕获器</code>。捕获器就是在处理程序对象中定义的<code>基本操作的拦截器</code>。每个<code>处理程序对象</code>可以有零个或多个捕获器,每个捕获器对应一个基本操作,可以直接或间接的在<code>代理对象上</code>调用。每次在<code>代理对象上</code>调用这些基本操作时,代理可以在这些操作传播到<code>目标对象</code>之前先调用捕获器函数取拦截并修改对应的行为。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 目标对象</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> target = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  id: <span class="string">&#x27;target&#x27;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 处理程序对象</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> handler = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 定义一个捕获器</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="title">get</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">&#x27;hello world&#x27;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 创建代理对象</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> proxy = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Proxy</span>(target, handler);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(target.id); <span class="comment">// target</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(proxy.id); <span class="comment">// hello world</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(target[<span class="string">&#x27;id&#x27;</span>]); <span class="comment">// target</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(proxy[<span class="string">&#x27;id&#x27;</span>]); <span class="comment">// hello world</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如上可知,所有的操作只要发生在<code>代理对象</code>上,就会触发捕获器函数。在<code>目标对象</code>上执行这些操作仍然会产生正常行为。</p>
<h3 id="捕获器参数和反射API"><a href="#捕获器参数和反射API" class="headerlink" title="捕获器参数和反射API"></a>捕获器参数和反射API</h3><p>所有捕获器都可以访问相应的参数,基于这些参数可以重建被捕获方法的原始行为。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> target = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  id: <span class="string">&#x27;target&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> handler = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 三个参数分别为: 目标对象、要查询的属性和代理对象</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="title">get</span>(<span class="params">targets, property, receiver</span>)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(targets === target);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(property);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(receiver === proxy);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 重建被捕获方法的原始行为</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> targets[property];</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> proxy = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Proxy</span>(target, handler);</span><br><span class="line">proxy.id; <span class="comment">// true target true</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(target.id); <span class="comment">// target</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(proxy.id); <span class="comment">// target</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>处理程序对象</code>上所有可以捕获的方法都有对应的<code>反射(Reflect)API</code>方法。这些方法和捕获器拦截的方法有相同的名称和函数签名,并具有与被拦截方法相同的行为。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> target = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  id: <span class="string">&#x27;target&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> handler = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 第一种写法</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="title">get</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="built_in">Reflect</span>.get(...arguments);</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 第二种写法</span></span><br><span class="line">  get: <span class="built_in">Reflect</span>.get</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> proxy = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Proxy</span>(target, handler);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(target.id); <span class="comment">// target</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(proxy.id); <span class="comment">// target</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="可撤销代理"><a href="#可撤销代理" class="headerlink" title="可撤销代理"></a>可撤销代理</h3><p>Proxy暴露了<code>revocable()</code>方法,这个方法支持撤销代理对象与目标对象的关联。撤销代理的操作是<code>不可逆的</code>。撤销代理之后在调用代理会抛出<code>TypeError</code>。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> target = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  id: <span class="string">&#x27;target&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> handler = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="title">get</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">&#x27;good&#x27;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> &#123; proxy, revoke &#125; = <span class="built_in">Proxy</span>.revocable(target, handler);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(proxy.id); <span class="comment">// good</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(target.id); <span class="comment">// target</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">revoke();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(proxy.id); <span class="comment">// TypeError</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="实用反射API"><a href="#实用反射API" class="headerlink" title="实用反射API"></a>实用反射API</h3><ol>
<li>反射API和对象API</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li><code>反射API</code>并不限于捕获处理程序;</li>
<li>大多数<code>反射API</code>方法在Object类型上有对象的方法。</li>
<li><strong>通常,Object上的方法适用于通用程序,而反射方法适用于细粒度的对象控制与操作</strong></li>
</ul>
<ol start="2">
<li><p>状态标记</p>
<p>很多反射方法返回称作<code>状态标记</code>的布尔值,表示意图执行的操作是否成功。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>以下方法都会提供状态标记:<ol>
<li><code>Reflect.defineProperty()</code></li>
<li><code>Reflect.preventExtensions()</code></li>
<li><code>Reflect.setPrototypeOf()</code></li>
<li><code>Reflect.set()</code></li>
<li><code>Reflect.deleteProperty()</code></li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<ol start="3">
<li>以下反射方法提供只有通过操作符才能完成的操作</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>Reflect.get(): 可以替代对象属性访问操作符。</li>
<li>Reflect.set(): 可以替代=赋值操作符</li>
<li>Reflect.has(): 可以替代in操作符或with()。</li>
<li>Reflect.deleteProperty(): 可以替代delete操作符。</li>
<li>Reflect.construct(): 可以替代new操作符。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="代理另一个代理"><a href="#代理另一个代理" class="headerlink" title="代理另一个代理"></a>代理另一个代理</h3><p>代理可以拦截反射API的操作,意味着可以创建一个代理,通过它去代理另一个代理。这样可以在一个目标对象上构建多层拦截网。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> target = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  id: <span class="string">&#x27;target&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> firstProxy = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="built_in">Proxy</span>(target, &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="title">get</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">&#x27;first proxy&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="built_in">Reflect</span>.get(...arguments);</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> secondProxy = <span class="keyword">new</span> Proxt(firstProxy, &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="title">get</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="string">&#x27;second proxy&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="built_in">Reflect</span>.get(...arguments);</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(secondProxy.id);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// second proxy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// first proxy</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// target</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="代理的问题与不足"><a href="#代理的问题与不足" class="headerlink" title="代理的问题与不足"></a>代理的问题与不足</h3><h2 id="map-filter-reduce"><a href="#map-filter-reduce" class="headerlink" title="map,filter,reduce"></a>map,filter,reduce</h2><blockquote>
<p>map,filter,reduce各有什么作用?</p>
</blockquote>
<p><code>map</code>返回一个新的数组,数组中的元素为原始数组调用函数处理后的值(不会对空数组进行检测)</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> arr = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>]</span><br><span class="line">arr.map(value = value + <span class="number">1</span>) <span class="comment">// ==&gt; [2, 3, 4]</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>map语法: map((item, index, arr) =&gt; {}),回调函数接收三个参数,分别是<code>当前索引元素</code>,<code>索引</code>,<code>原数组</code></p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="string">&#x27;1&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;2&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;3&#x27;</span>].map(<span class="built_in">parseInt</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>第一轮遍历<code>parseInt(&#39;1,&#39; 0) -&gt; 1</code></li>
<li>第二轮遍历<code>parseInt(&#39;2&#39;, 1) -&gt; NaN</code></li>
<li>第三轮遍历<code>parseInt(&#39;3&#39;, 2) -&gt; NaN</code></li>
</ul>
<p><code>filter</code>返回一个新的数组,在遍历数组的时候将返回值为true的元素放入新数组中,可以利用这个函数删除一些不需要的元素</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> arr = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">6</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> newArr = arr.filter(<span class="function"><span class="params">item</span> =&gt;</span> item !== <span class="number">6</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(newArr) <span class="comment">// [1, 2, 4, 5]</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>filter语法: filter((item, index, arr) =&gt; {}),回调函数接收三个参数,分别是<code>当前索引元素</code>,<code>索引</code>,<code>原数组</code></p>
<p><code>reduce</code>接收一个函数作为累加器,数组中的每个值从左到右开始递减,最终计算为一个值并返回</p>
<p>如果想实现一个功能将函数里的元素全部相加得到一个值,可以这样写</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> arr = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> total = <span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span>(<span class="keyword">let</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; arr.length; i++) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  total += arr[i]</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(total) <span class="comment">// 6</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果使用<code>reduce</code>的话就可以将遍历部分代码优化</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> arr = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">let</span> result = arr.reduce(<span class="function">(<span class="params">total, currentVal</span>) =&gt;</span> total + currentVal, <span class="number">0</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(result) <span class="comment">// 6</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><code>reduce</code>语法: reduce((total, currentVal, currentIndex, arr) =&gt; {}, init),<strong>其中total为初始值或计算结束后的返回值;init为传递给函数的初始值(如果提供了init,total取值为init,currentVal;如果没有提供init,那么total去数组中的第一个值,currentVal取数组中第二个值)</strong></p>
<p>对于reduce来讲,它接收两个参数,分别是回调函数和初始值,接下来分解上述代码中<code>reduce</code>的过程</p>
<ul>
<li><p>首先初始值为<code>0</code>,该值会在执行第一次回调函数时作为第一个参数传入</p>
</li>
<li><p>回调函数接收四个参数,分别为<code>累加器</code>,<code>当前元素</code>,<code>当前索引</code>和<code>原数组</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>在第一次执行回调函数时,当前值和初始值相加得出结果<code>1</code>,该结果会在第二次执行回调函数当作第一个参数传入</p>
</li>
<li><p>在第二次执行回调函数时,相加的值就分别是<code>1</code>和<code>2</code>,以此类推,所以最终结果为<code>6</code>并返回</p>
<p>通过<code>reduce</code>来实现<code>map</code>函数</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> arr = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> mapArr = arr.map(<span class="function"><span class="params">itemVal</span> =&gt;</span> itemVal * <span class="number">2</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> reduceArr = arr.reduce(<span class="function">(<span class="params">total, currentVal</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  total.push(currentVal * <span class="number">2</span>)</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> total <span class="comment">// 返回结果</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;, [])</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">console</span>.log(mapArr, reduceArr) <span class="comment">// [2, 4, 6]</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="some-和every-方法"><a href="#some-和every-方法" class="headerlink" title="some()和every()方法"></a>some()和every()方法</h2></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li><code>some()</code>: 用于检测数组中<code>至少有一个或以上</code>的元素符合指定条件。不改变原数组,满足返回true,不满足返回false。</li>
<li><code>every()</code>: 用于检测数组中<code>所有</code>的元素是否都符合指定条件。不改变原数组,满足返回true,不满足返回false。</li>
</ol>

                
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